Recent studies on soil, air and water pollution revealed that algae plays prominent role in controlling pollution and are abundantly found in all known habitats where light and moisture are available. Micro-algae can easily be cultured in nature e.g in a pond, lake or in vitro conditions in labs. Photobioreactors (PBR) are a closed culturing system of microorganisms using light and CO2 for photosynthesis to accelerate the rate of biomass production. Development of low-cost and high-efficiency microalgal cultivation systems is important for the cost-competitiveness of micro-algal high biomass production. Different types of PBRs have been designed, but still needs new developments. This paper includes a basic introduction of photobiorector and their types, working parameters and criteria for lab-scale aquaculturing. The present review paper deals with recently developed innovations in PBR and also lists different types of closed laboratory-scale PBRs along with the difficulties faced in large-scale open over closed PBRs and their importance in the production of microalgal biomass.
