Research has shown that UTIs are the most common human diseases across all age groups, including those who have been hospitalized and those who have not. The hormonal and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy make UTIs more common, as they provide an ideal environment for the growth of microbes. A mother and her unborn child are in grave danger if these infections are left untreated. A further complication of treatment is the rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens. Taraba State’s pregnant population may benefit from understanding the immune response patterns and effective therapy by evaluating electrolyte changes and antimicrobial susceptibility in infected individuals. The purpose of this study is to identify antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity against pathogens in pregnant women’s urine and to profile the immune response to certain electrolytes in infected individuals in the study areas. As part of the research, 282 urine samples were obtained using conventional microbiological methods. Of the 282 samples that were analyzed, 103 showed symptoms while 179 showed no symptoms at all. In the case of Escherichia coli, the investigation revealed seven (7) distinct isolates, accounting for 8.7 percent of the total. There were seven (7) isolates of various bacteria, including nine (87.7%), one (1) of Staphylococcus aureus, one (1) of coagulase, and one (1) of a mysterious enzyme. Results for symptomatic patients showed negative staphylococci 4(3.9), Klebsiella pneumonia 0(0.0), Citrobacter species 3(2.9), proteus species 3(2.9), and Streptococcus species 1(1.0). No other bacteria were found. For patients without symptoms, the following bacteria and viruses were detected: Escherichia coli 17(8.6), Staphylococcus aureus 7(3.6), CONs 4(2.0), Klebsiella pneumonia 4 (2.0), Citrobacter species 0(0.0), Proteus species 3(1.5), and Streptococcus species 0(0.0). The most common infection among pregnant women was Escherichia coli, with 26 cases in symptomatic women and 8.7 cases in asymptomatic women. The least common type of bacteria was determined to be Streptococcus, with only one case (0.3%) among pregnant women experiencing symptoms and none among those without any symptoms. Ampicillin produced a perfect resistance against all strains of Proteus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Streptococcus when tested against the antibiogram of urine samples taken from pregnant women experiencing symptoms and those without any symptoms. Various species of Proteus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Citrobacter, among others. Among the bacteria tested, 3.8% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 25% to CONs, 0% to Streptococcus spp., and 0% to all other bacteria. Cotrimoxazole was the antimicrobial agent against which Klebsiella pneumoniae displayed the lowest level of resistance. Ceftriaxone was the antibiotic with which Proteus isolates were most resistant (83.33%), while ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin showed no resistance at all. Furthermore, the majority of Citrobacter isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (66.67%), Gentamicin (66.67%), and ceftriaxone (66.67%). In terms of immunological studies, the results for IL-10 electrolyte profiles in seropositive individuals are as follows: 64.98 ±11.38 for weakly positive, 76 ±20.3 for moderately positive, and 235.5±22.83 for strongly positive. In comparison, for TNF alpha, the results for seropositive individuals are as follows: 24 ±2.81 for weakly positive, 32.5±2.18 for moderately positive, and 73.5 ±22.83 for strongly positive. Salt had the highest level of elevation among the other electrolytes tested, which included protein (43±2.25), urea (1.29±0.17), creatinine (1.36±0.05), potassium (4.12±0.2), and sodium (131±2.25). Comparing infected and control subjects reveals notable variations in serum electrolyte levels and infection intensity. It is possible to use these electrolytes as a biomarker for UTI when they are elevated or depressed. As a result, these electrolytes may be a key immunological marker in the immunopathology of UTI, according to the results of the immunological studies.
