Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections, classified primarily as Community-Acquired UTIs (CA-UTIs) and Hospital-Acquired UTIs (HA-UTIs). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of these two categories, examining their causative pathogens, risk factors, clinical presentations, and associated virulence mechanisms. CA-UTIs are commonly caused by Escherichia coli and affect otherwise healthy individuals. In contrast, HA-UTIs, often linked to prolonged catheterization or hospitalization, involve multidrug-resistant organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance presents significant challenges in both contexts, with multidrug-resistant pathogens complicating treatment and leading to poorer patient outcomes. This review also explores the efficacy of antimicrobial agents, resistance patterns, and the implications for therapeutic strategies. By comparing the distinct and overlapping aspects of CA-UTIs and HA-UTIs, this study underscores the urgent need for targeted prevention measures and the judicious use of antibiotics to mitigate the growing resistance crisis.
