Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens pose a significant threat to global crop production, particularly in economically valuable crops like pepper and tomato. Biological control using microbial agents has emerged as a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides, with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPL receiving attention for its potent antifungal activity. This review focuses on the cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) produced by the B. amyloliquefaciens PPL strain, particularly the iturin and fengycin families. These CLPs play a crucial role in suppressing fungal pathogens, such as Colletotrichum (pepper anthracnose) and Fusarium oxysporum (tomato wilt), through membrane disruption and inhibition of fungal growth. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of CLPs, the role of lecithin in enhancing production, and the potential of fengycin isoforms (F1, F2, F3) in disease management. Future perspectives on integrating B. amyloliquefaciens PPL and CLPs into sustainable agricultural practices are also presented.
