Agroforestry systems, particularly those integrating Moringa oleifera (drumstick) with Oryza sativa L. (rice), offer promising solutions for sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil health and increasing crop productivity. This article explores the role of soil microbes in improving rice growth and yield under drumstick-based agroforestry systems. Beneficial microbes, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing fungi, and mycorrhizal fungi, play a significant role in enhancing soil nutrient availability, promoting root development, and improving plant resilience to stress. The use of microbial inoculants can optimize the microbial interactions in the system, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and improving overall soil fertility. This article highlights the potential of microbial interventions to foster sustainable rice production and enhance the ecological benefits of agroforestry systems.
